Wykagyl relocated to the Disbrow farm in New Rochelle in 1905 and opened an 18-hole course laid out by member-engineer Lawrence E. Van Etten. By 1915 the club resolved to improve playing qualities on what contemporary accounts called a strenuous, even “Alpine,” layout.
In 1919 the club engaged Donald Ross to redesign selected holes. Club history specifies that Ross introduced “superior playing angles” most conspicuously at today’s eighth and fifteenth and fortified the twelfth with a vast central bunker popularly known as “Hell’s Half Acre.” These works appear to have been executed as targeted alterations rather than a wholesale rerouting: Ross recast certain hole sequences and green-to-tee connections to reduce repetition and inject diagonal choices where Van Etten’s original corridors had been predominantly straight.
In the early 1930s the club commissioned A. W. Tillinghast for more extensive reconstruction. To free space for a practice ground, Tillinghast eliminated the original first and second, built the present fourth through sixth across a river valley, introduced a new seventeenth plunging toward the clubhouse plateau, and shortened the original uphill par-five eighteenth—“Cardiac Hill”—to today’s par-four finish. The Tillinghast work debuted for play on Labor Day 1931. Post-war decades brought piecemeal modernizations and tree planting that narrowed the corridors and masked the boldness of the landforms.
In 2006 Bill Coore and Ben Crenshaw led a comprehensive restoration/renovation: installing new drainage and irrigation in difficult clay and rock, removing hundreds of over-mature oaks to reopen vistas and wind, adding approximately thirty bunkers while returning others to historic looks, expanding selected greens, and—most relevant to Ross’s imprint—re-establishing the massive central hazard in the twelfth fairway and emphasizing angled play at the eighth and fifteenth. The club has maintained its relationship with Coore & Crenshaw since.
Unique Design Characteristics
Ross’s 1919 involvement at Wykagyl can be seen in three places where the strategic problem is unmistakably his:
Eighth (par 4). Van Etten’s consecutive par-3 sequence in this sector was abolished by Ross in favor of a dogleg-left two-shotter. The hole now asks for a bold tee ball skirting or carrying diagonal sand to gain the forward-kicking shoulder and a clear line into a green dominated by a large right-side bunker. The corridor’s curvature—and the reward for hugging it—is the key difference between Ross’s idea here and the rectilinear corridors it replaced.
Twelfth (par 5). Running across a high, undulating shelf, the twelfth is defined by Ross’s “Hell’s Half Acre,” a central hazard bisecting the fairway at modern driving distance. Coore & Crenshaw reinstated this feature from photographic evidence, along with a pronounced false front and a green sited at the brink of a ravine. The hole now functions as a classic Ross risk-reward: either throttle back to a lay-up short/right of the acre or challenge the carry to set up a pitch that must climb the front.
Fifteenth (short par 4). Ross’s intent was to produce position rather than brute distance: the preferred drive flirts with left-side fairway bunkers to secure the best angle into a tiny, tilting green with a false front and false side. When Coore & Crenshaw shortened the tee slightly and expanded short grass to the right, they did so to amplify the original temptation without changing the fundamental geometry Ross established.
Elsewhere, Ross’s touch is visible in the way he varied elevations and sight lines to break up the sequence of approaches. The coarse-grain landforms tell throughout: Wykagyl’s five par-3s are not interchangeable waystations but distinct transitions across valleys and shelves. While the steep drop-shot thirteenth and the benched seventh belong to other authors, the rhythm they help establish makes Ross’s angled fourth-shot decisions on eight, twelve, and fifteen more meaningful. For today’s visitor, the clearest surviving expressions of Ross’s work are thus the dogleg geometry and bunker placements at 8, the reinstated central hazard and green presentation at 12, and the angle-centric 15.
Historical Significance
Wykagyl’s prominence in early metropolitan golf was established long before modern television made its Goodall Round Robin famous. The club hosted the 1909 Metropolitan Open, won by its head professional Alex Smith—one of only two instances in which a host-club pro claimed the title—and became a regular site for high-profile exhibitions by Vardon, Jones, Hagen and others. In the modern era the club served as a long-standing LPGA venue: the Big Apple Classic / Sybase Classic ran at Wykagyl from 1990 through 2006 with champions including Betsy King, Annika Sörenstam, and Paula Creamer, followed by the HSBC Women’s World Match Play in 2007. The club’s narrative also intersects organizational history: Wykagyl styles itself the “Cradle of the PGA,” referencing a January 1916 luncheon of leading professionals associated with the club’s circle that preceded the formal founding of the PGA of America that April. (See uncertainty note regarding the luncheon’s precise venue.) Wykagyl’s identity within Ross’s body of work is therefore not that of a pristine, single-author canvas, but of a significant metropolitan course where a 1919 Ross intervention created enduring strategic problems later honored and revealed by restoration.
Current Condition / Integrity
Wykagyl today is an intentional amalgam. The routing incorporates Van Etten’s uphill ninth and other original corridors; Ross’s eighth, twelfth (hazard concept), and fifteenth carry forward his 1919 agenda of diagonal options and central hazards; Tillinghast’s fourth–sixth, seventeenth, and shortened eighteenth remain essential to the back-nine rhythm. Coore & Crenshaw’s 2006 work did not seek to privilege a single author. Instead, it re-established historical feature locations where evidence was persuasive, reopened scale by removing trees, and re-aligned bunker forms to the contours so that the course again plays off slopes rather than down narrow alleys. Thirty new bunkers were added as part of a broader plan to restore character, and several greens—most notably the tiny fourth and the tilted seventh—were massaged back into functionality without erasing their severity. For Ross-specific integrity, the reinstatement of the twelfth fairway hazard is pivotal; so, too, the eighth once again presents a bona fide dogleg with advantage granted to the courageous line, and the fifteenth rewards placement left for a direct look at a small, exacting target.
The present scorecard confirms par 72 with five par-3s and five par-5s, Blue yardage at 6,690, and a 73.2/138 rating/slope. Practice provisions—the same spatial need that spurred Tillinghast’s 1931 changes—remain robust, with a full driving range and short-game area supporting a membership that uses the course both as a championship venue and as an everyday walking test. In sum, while Wykagyl cannot be cataloged as a “Ross course” in the purist sense, his 1919 changes still shape the way the middle of the round is contested, and the recent restoration has made those problems legible again on the ground.
Two items require explicit caution. First, while the club’s published history credits Ross in 1919 with introducing angles at 8 and 15 and adding the 12th fairway “Hell’s Half Acre,” a respected modern profile notes that Wykagyl professional Robert White deserves credit for the specific locations of the eighth and twelfth greens in the 1920s. This does not negate Ross’s authorship of the strategic scheme, but it suggests collaborative evolution on the ground and implies that any definitive apportionment of credit would require contemporaneous plans or committee minutes. Second, regarding the 1916 PGA origin story, the club asserts a Wykagyl-hosted preliminary meeting that earned it “Cradle of the PGA” status, whereas PGA of America accounts place the key January luncheon at the Wanamaker Store’s Taplow Club in Manhattan. Both claims are part of the historical record; reconciling them would require review of surviving correspondence, guest lists, and local press in January–April 1916.
Sources & Notes
Wykagyl Country Club – “History.” Club history page with chronology of architects (Van Etten 1905; Ross 1919; Tillinghast 1931), details on specific holes affected (angles at 8 and 15; “Hell’s Half Acre” at 12), and tournament ledger including Red Cross (1944), Palm Beach Round Robin (1948–52, 1956–57), LPGA events (1977–2006), and 2007 HSBC Women’s World Match Play. Accessed Sept. 2025.
Wykagyl Country Club – “Golf.” Club overview noting yardage “just under 6,700 yards,” Ross (1919), Tillinghast (1931), and Coore & Crenshaw (2006) renovation scope.
Wykagyl Country Club – “Course Tour.” Hole descriptions used for present-day features at 12 and 15 (false front, central fairway bunker; angle-dependent tee strategy).
GolfClubAtlas – “Wykagyl (2018)” by Ran Morrissett. Longform profile documenting C&C restoration; Ross’s conversion of back-to-back par-3s into the dogleg 8th; reinstatement of Ross’s massive central bunker at 12; commentary on green tilts at 7 and 13; note crediting Robert White with siting the 8th and 12th greens.
Metropolitan Golf Association – “Alex Smith (1909) – Wykagyl.” Confirms Wykagyl hosted the 1909 Metropolitan Open, won by its head professional, Alex Smith.
LPGA / Wikipedia – “Sybase Classic.” Event history indicating the Big Apple/Sybase Classic was staged at Wykagyl from 1990–2006. The Fried Egg – “History and competition: Wykagyl.” 2018 feature with Coore remarks and discussion of Met Open hosting (2018) and architectural variety; used for contextual confirmation of restoration aims.
LINKS Magazine – “Wykagyl Country Club.” 2011 article noting the demanding topography and C&C’s acceptance of the renovation commission; supplemental background on yardage and terrain.
PGA of America – Centennial features (2016, 2023). Place the January 17, 1916 organizing luncheon at the Wanamaker Store in New York City, not at Wykagyl; used to flag the discrepancy with club tradition. Wikipedia – “Wykagyl Country Club.” Used cautiously to cross-reference the club’s “Cradle of the PGA” claim and the multi-author design chronology. Where possible, statements were confirmed against club/MGA sources.
Wykagyl Country Club – “Membership.” Confirms present practice facilities (full driving range; short-game area) and other amenities.